Class 10 Science Chapter 3 Notes – Metals and Non-Metals

 

🔩 Metals and Non-Metals – Class 10 Notes

🔹 Physical Properties:

PropertyMetalsNon-Metals
LustreShinyDull
MalleabilityCan be hammeredBrittle
DuctilityCan be drawn into wiresNot ductile
ConductivityGood conductorPoor conductor
SonorousYesNo

🔬 Chemical Properties:

  1. Reaction with Oxygen:

    • Metals: 4Na + O₂ → 2Na₂O

    • Non-Metals: C + O₂ → CO₂

  2. Reaction with Water:

    • 2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

  3. Reaction with Acids:

    • Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

  4. Displacement Reaction:

    • More reactive metal displaces less reactive one

    • Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu

⚙️ Reactivity Series:

K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Hg > Ag > Au

🧪 Uses of Metals and Non-Metals:

ElementUse
CopperElectrical wires
AluminiumAircraft, utensils
OxygenRespiration
SulphurFireworks, gunpowder

✍️ Tip: Metals form basic oxides, non-metals form acidic oxides.

📢 More revision notes & diagrams coming soon at Topper Notes!



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